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Gospel of John
The Gospel According to John (also referred to as the Gospel of John, the Fourth Gospel, or simply John; (ギリシア語:Τὸ κατὰ Ἰωάννην εὐαγγέλιον), ''to kata Ioannen euangelion'') is one of the four canonical gospels in the Christian Bible. In the New Testament it traditionally appears fourth, after the synoptic gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. John begins with the witness and affirmation of John the Baptist and concludes with the death, burial, resurrection, and post-resurrection appearances of Jesus.
states that the book derives from the testimony of the "disciple whom Jesus loved" and early church tradition identified him as John the Apostle, one of Jesus' Twelve Apostles. The gospel is closely related in style and content to the three surviving Epistles of John such that commentators treat the four books,〔Lindars 1990 p. 63.〕 along with the Book of Revelation, as a single body of Johannine literature. According to most modern scholars, however, the apostle John was not the author of any of these books.〔"Although ancient traditions attributed to the Apostle John the Fourth Gospel, the Book of Revelation, and the three Epistles of John, modern scholars believe that he wrote none of them." Harris, Stephen L., ''Understanding the Bible'' (Palo Alto: Mayfield, 1985) p. 355〕
Raymond E. Brown has proposed the development of a tradition from which the gospel arose.〔Ehrman, Bart D.. Jesus, Interrupted, HarperCollins, 2009. ISBN 0-06-117393-2〕 The discourses seem to be concerned with issues of the church-and-synagogue debate at the time when the Gospel was written.〔Lindars 1990 p. 53.〕 It is notable that, in the gospel, the community appears to define itself primarily in contrast to Judaism, rather than as part of a wider Christian community.〔Bruce Chilton and Jacob Neusner, ''Judaism in the New Testament: Practices and Beliefs'' (New York: Routledge, 1995), 5. "by their own word what they (the writers of the New Testament) set forth in the New Testament must qualify as a Judaism. ... ()o distinguish between the religious world of the New Testament and an alien Judaism denies the authors of the New Testament books their most fiercely held claim and renders incomprehensible much of what they said."〕 Though Christianity started as a movement within Judaism, there was a split of early Christianity and Judaism.〔Lindars 1990 p. 60.〕
==Composition==
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